Ethernet is a standard communications protocol embedded in software and hardware devices, intended for building a local area network (LAN). Ethernet was designed by Bob Metcalfe in 1973, and through the efforts of Digital, Intel and Xerox (for which Metcalfe worked), "DIX" Ethernet became the standard model for LANs worldwide.
A basic hard-wired LAN consists of the following components:
Two or more computers to be linked together, or networked.
A network interface card (NIC) in each computer.
Ethernet cable to connect to each computer.
A networking switch or networking hub to direct network traffic.
Networking software.
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